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Technical Principles of Diesel Generator Sets
Release time:
2025-09-28
Inside the cylinders of a diesel generator set, the clean air filtered by the air filter mixes thoroughly with the high - pressure atomized diesel injected by the fuel injector.
Inside the cylinders of a diesel generator set, the clean air filtered by the air filter mixes thoroughly with the high - pressure atomized diesel injected by the fuel injector. Under the compression of the upward - moving piston in the diesel generator set, the volume decreases, and the temperature rises rapidly, reaching the ignition point of diesel. The diesel is ignited, and the mixed gas burns violently. The volume expands rapidly, pushing the piston downward. This process is called "power stroke". The cylinders of the diesel generator set perform work in a certain order one after another. The thrust acting on the piston is transformed into the force that drives the crankshaft to rotate through the connecting rod, thus rotating the crankshaft. In this way, the diesel generator completes one working cycle.
As one working cycle after another is repeated, the diesel generator set operates continuously. The control core of the diesel engine is to regulate and stabilize the speed by controlling the fuel injection pump. It is generally divided into mechanical speed regulation and electronic speed regulation. The electronic speed regulator adopts dual - closed - loop control. The speed sensor detects the speed of the diesel engine, converts the detection result into a proportional electrical signal, compares it with the given standard speed signal to obtain an error signal, and then adds it to the position feedback signal of the actuator of the diesel generator set. The combined signal is used as the input signal for the actuator to act. By controlling the position of the rack of the fuel injection pump of the diesel generator set to adjust the fuel supply, the purpose of speed regulation and speed stabilization is achieved. Currently, advanced engine "electronic fuel injection" control technology has also been introduced in foreign diesel engines, which shows excellent performance in aspects such as load - carrying characteristics, fuel saving, environmental protection and emission reduction, and noise reduction. The active power regulation of the generator set is the regulation of the speed of the diesel generator.
A diesel generator set is composed of an internal combustion engine and a synchronous generator. The maximum power of the internal combustion engine is limited by the mechanical load and thermal load of its components, which is called the rated power. The rated power of an AC synchronous generator refers to the rated power output when it operates continuously at the rated speed for a long time. Usually, the ratio between the rated power output of the diesel engine set and the rated power output of the synchronous AC generator is called the matching ratio.
A diesel generator set is a type of AC power - supply equipment for self - contained power stations. It is a small, independent power - generation device that uses an internal combustion engine as the power source to drive a synchronous AC generator to generate electricity. By installing a brushless synchronous AC generator coaxially with the crankshaft of the diesel engine, the rotation of the diesel generator set can be used to drive the rotor of the generator. According to the principle of "electromagnetic induction", the generator will output an induced electromotive force. A current can be generated through a closed load circuit.
As a small - scale power - generation device, a diesel generator set uses diesel and other fuels and is driven by a diesel engine as the prime mover to generate electricity. The whole set usually consists of a diesel engine, a generator, a control box, a fuel tank, a starting and control battery, a protection device, an emergency cabinet and other components. A diesel generator set is a non - continuously operating power - generation device. If it operates continuously for more than 12 hours, its output power will be about 90% lower than the rated power. If users need to use it continuously for a long time, they need to configure a regularly - used generator set, that is, the generator set should take into account the power decline during long - term operation.
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